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Foreclosure Information

Keeping Your Home When you can't keep your home  |  Foreclosure Timeline
In Foreclosure  |  Options Sheriff's Sale  |  Predatory Lenders
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KEEPING YOUR HOME

  1. Make a Workout Plan with Your Lender
    1. Action Plan
      1. Develop a budget. Cut all unnecessary spending. Increase your income. What can you promise and realistically do? You should be spending 30% or less of your gross monthly income on your mortgage payment and only 11% for all other monthly debt payments.
      2. Write a hardship letter presenting a past, present and future narrative about your mortgage crisis. Detail what happened in your life that led up to the delinquency on the mortgage. Describe what your current situation is and how you would like the lender to help you. Emphasize how your life will be improved by getting the lenders help with the mortgage.
      3. Call your bank or mortgage company as soon as you have a budget and hardship letter. Ask to speak to someone in the loss mitigation department and ask for a workout package. A workout package is an agreement between you and your lender that outlines how you will pay your mortgage default and avoid foreclosure. To negotiate a workout package, know what you need and what you are able to give. Be assertive, but not rude.
      4. Fill out the workout form promptly, keep a copy for your records, and send the form back by certified mail. Include your hardship letter.
      5. Keep a record of all communications (cal ls, letters, etc.) between you and your lender including dates, times, names and phone numbers. Purchase a spiral bound notebook to organize your records.
      6. If the lender does not allow partial payments, it is important to save the money that you would have sent to the mortgage lender each month in a designated savings account. This will allow you to have a lump sum to offer for a workout or to move if you lose the house. Do not pay other debt with this money. Focus on saving your house.
  2. Possible Workout Options: Not all lenders offer the same workout options. I t is important to know who your lender is and do research about what they offer . Ask the servicer: Who owns my loan? Who has the most to lose if this loan goes into foreclosure? Consult a certified housing counselor if you are in doubt. The following are general guidelines of workout options when the mortgage is in crisis.
    1. Short-term:
      1. Request a delay of the Sheriff's sale. After the Sheriff's sale, there are no workout options available to you. You must get a WRITTEN AGREEMENT from your lender to delay the sale. Be aware of the timeline. Move quickly!
      2. Reinstatement: All servicers are required to pursue a reinstatement as the first option for resolving a delinquency. A reinstatement occur s when a homeowner pays all delinquent mortgage payments and past -due amounts, making the mortgage current. A homeowner may reinstate a delinquent mortgage at any time, even after foreclosure proceedings begin or while a relief or workout plan is in progress. A reinstatement can be partial with a repayment option, or full bring the mortgage completely current.
    2. Long-term:
      1. Forbearance: Not all lenders offer forbearance agreements. If one is offered to you, it will allow you to eliminate the default (what you owe) by making your regular house payment AND some of the past due amount for a certain number of months. This method works best if you had temporary financial difficulties , are now able to maintain financial stability, AND have enough money to pay the extra amount owed each month. Do not agree to an unrealistic plan-if you default on a workout package agreement, your lender will not be as likely to work with you in the future.
      2. Loan modification: When you can no longer afford the original loan terms due to a permanent change in your financial circumstances AND the lender is willing to avoid foreclosure as well, you may be able to can ask them to:
        • Reduce your interest rate (the cost of borrowing money)
        • Extend the loan (increase the number of ye ars over which you pay back the money borrowed)
        • Re-figure the loan using your equity (the amount of the home that you own). The past dues amount and fees are rolled into the loan amount.
        • Combine any of these approaches.
      3. Bankruptcy: Bankruptcy can stop the collection activity and the foreclosure allowing the homeowner time to bring the mortgage current. Seek the advice of an attorney.
  3. Special Mortgage Protections: You should expect and ask for the most help from lenders that are servicing FHA/HUD, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac loans.
    1. Forbearance: If you have a reasonable chance to recover from the crisis and begin paying again, the lender may agree to reduce or suspend payments for up to 12 months. After the period ends, you make the original paym ent and a small installment on the missed payments each month. Do not agree to an unrealistic plan-if you default on a workout package agreement, your lender will not be as likely to work with you in the future.
    2. Partial Claim: (HUD loans only). If you are 4 to 12 months behind but have not recovered from the crisis, the lender can loan you money to get your monthly payments caught up. HUD pays the lender and puts an interest -free loan as a lien against your property. When you sell or refinance, you pay the partial claim loan back.
    3. Assumptions: A mortgage assumption permits a qualified applicant to assume both the title to the property and the mortgage obligation from a homeowner who is currently delinquent in the mortgage payments.
  4. Refinance Your Mortgage with Another Lender
    1. Consider this when:
      1. You have a high enough credit score to refinance.
      2. You have enough income to support the new mortgage amount including your insurance and taxes.
      3. You would have a lower interest rate or longer payment period than on your existing mortgage.
      4. You refinance a low interest first mortgage and a high interest home equity loan into a single medium interest mortgage that is affordable and include taxes and insurance.
    2. How to refinance:
      1. Shop 'til you drop. Be honest with banks, credit unions, and mortgage companies. Tell them your credit score and current mortgage rate. Ask if they could do better.
      2. Compare interest rates, length of the loan and closing costs. Get an idea of what you would qualify for, and then apply to a reputable lender.
      3. Do not assume that you can only get a high interest loan.
      4. Review the loan documents carefully with a real estate attorney if a possible, to be sure you are getting what you asked for!
    3. Reverse Mortgage: For people over 62 years of age only.
      1. You can use the equity in your home to live on, with payments not due until you move or pass away.
      2. It is a VERY expensive mortgage and may not solve your financial problems, but in some circumstances, it is a good choice.
  5. Legal Possibilities to Save the Home
    1. Procedural defenses: If anything was done incorrectly with the foreclosure process, the lender has to start over. This could buy you some time in the process.
    2. Bankruptcy: This slows everything down so you have more time to get money together, sell the house, or get rid of other debt so you can pay th e mortgage. This is a very complicated process and should not be entered into lightly. Please consult a Bankruptcy counselor to understand the implications of this option.
    3. Substanital hardship or substantial equity: Some circumstances can result in speci al judicial consideration, including a high amount of equity in the home or an unforeseen catastrophe.
    4. Truth-In-Lending Recission: A complicated, but powerful tool when dealing with predatory mortgage companies and home improvement companies. It is only for refinanced mortgages, home equity loans or credit lines, debt -consolidation loans, and home improvement loans that involve the house as collateral. Was the lender dishonest? Did a bad loan put you at risk of foreclosure? A truth-in-lending recission cancels the mortgage and therefore the foreclosure.
  6. General Mortgage Foreclosure Prevention Tips
    1. Get help early in the process. You don't have to go down this road alone, contact a certified housing counselor and discuss all of your options.
    2. If the foreclosure sale date is close at hand or the lender will not agree to a workout, try to save your house through the courts.
    3. Often, people postpone getting legal help until it is too late. Others walk away from the homes in frustration, leaving thems elves without equity and vulnerable to deficiency claims.
    4. Most lawyers will provide a free or low cost 30-minute consultation. Go prepared with a copy of your mortgage document, your home budget and a hardship letter. It is up to you and the attorney to negotiate fee for service.

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WHEN YOU CAN'T KEEP YOUR HOME

A mortgage crisis can be a stressful time and many decis ions must be made by the homeowner. When the homeowner avoids dealing with the crisis it can mean a loss of control over their finances and a loss of control over the impact the mortgage crisis can have on their credit report. If, after a review of your finances and conversations with your lender and housing counselor, it is determined that you can't keep your home there are still options available to you to AVOID a foreclosure on your credit report.

  1. PRE-FORECLOSURE SALE OR STRAIGHT SALE : Even in a bad housing market put the house up for sale with a reputable realtor at a fair market price. Interview the realtor to be sure they have experience with foreclosures and short sales.
    1. Ask the lender to delay the foreclosure sale and for permission to complete a pre-sale. GET THE AGREEMENT IN WRITING.
    2. In a bad real-estate market do not assume that the house will sell quickly.
    3. A pre-sale works if the sale price is high enough to pay off the mortgage, any home equity loans, back taxes, selling expenses and foreclosure fees.
  2. SHORT SALE: The lender may allow you to complete a sale even though the price is less than what you owe them.
    1. Ask your lender to delay the foreclosure sale and for permission to complete a short sale. GET THE AGREEMENT IN WRITING.
    2. Ask the lender to "cancel any deficiency," so that the lender will not demand repayment of the rest of what you owe and will not report the deficiency to the credit bureaus. Get all commitments in writing.
    3. Do a short sale only after you learn about the income tax consequences of this option. In situations like this, the IRS considers the amount of debt the lender cancels for you (the amount you don't pay back) to be income! If you have lost income and will be in a lower tax bracket , it could work out fine. If not you could be left with a big tax bill. Talk to a tax professional, a tax lawyer, or a non-profit advocate familiar with tax law. If you will owe the IRS, how will you pay them? If by doing a short sale you will be facing a big tax bill you cannot pay, sometimes the better choice is to let the foreclosure proceed.
  3. MORTGAGE ASSUMPTION: A third party takes over your mortgage, brings it current and continues paying it.
    1. Some mortgages are assumable, others are not. Look at your original mortgage documents or ask your lender. The person assuming the mortgage must qualify with a good credit score, good debt to income ratio, strong credit history.
    2. See a lawyer before you proceed with a mortgage assumption because when someone else assumes the mortgage, they become the new owners of the home. It may work, but you need to fully understand it and avoid some major pitfalls.
    3. Sometimes adult children assume their parents' mortgage or vice versa in order to keep the equity (the amount of the house that you own) from being lost to foreclosure and to keep the equity within the family. Consider this if you have an assumable mortgage, have a lot of equity in your home and have a relative who has the money, credit, and willingness to assume the mortgage.
    4. DO NOT WORK OUT AN ASSUMPTION with strangers or real estate companies who claim to want to "save your house." There are scammers in the community that will offer to assume the mortgage and allow you to become a renter. While you are "renting" from them they can "strip" or take the equity in the home and often times will leave town allowing the home to foreclose anyway.
  4. DEED IN LIEU OF FORECLOSURE: You voluntarily turn over your house to your lender. This is almost always a bad idea for you and a good idea for your lender.
    1. DO NOT DO THIS unless you get something in return and in writing.
    2. Ask the lender to:
      1. Cancel any deficiencies and fees.
      2. Eliminate negative credit references.
      3. Allow you to have extra time in the house.
      4. Pay your moving expenses.
  5. GENERAL FORECLOSURE SELLING TIPS
    1. Record information on calls. Open and keep ALL COMMUNICATION in writing. Get all agreements in writing.
    2. Never sign a release giving up all legal claims until the actual workout agreement with your lender is finalized.
    3. If you are ever unsure, seek advice from an attorney or non -profit housing counseling agency.
    4. Stay organized. Stay focused.
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USEFUL LINKS:

Homeownership Resources:

Financial Literacy

Mortgage Foreclosure Prevention

Regulatory Resources

Information on Scams and Predatory Practices

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Where am I in the foreclosure timeline?

Month One Missed Mortgage Payment: The first month that you fail to pay your mortgage payment, your mortgage company will try and contact you, usually by mail, to inform you that you are delinquent on your mortgage. The mortgage company will charge you a late fee on this missed first month mortgage payment. It is very important that you speak to your mortgage company and honestly explain your financial situation. Make certain that you tell your mortgage company when you believe that you can make your missed mortgage payment. If you believe that your situation will not improve in the near future, or you are uncertain how to proceed, you may return to the home page and click on the button at the top left hand corner that says, “Begin Now by Submitting Your Foreclosure Case online”, complete the application and certified, experienced foreclosure counselors will assist you in negotiating with your mortgage company.

Month Two Missed Mortgage Payment: The second month that you fail to pay your mortgage payment, your mortgage company will try and contact you by any means, including mail and telephone, to find out why you missed your first and second months mortgage payments.. Do not avoid your mortgage company’s calls. In fact, it is best to initiate the call to your mortgage company to explain the reason for your missed mortgage payments. Your mortgage company will be more likely to work with you in the future as your situation progresses. When you speak to your mortgage company, ask for the loss mitigation department. When you speak with the loss mitigation department of your mortgage company be honest, respectful and calm on the telephone and explain to them your situation and what you are trying to do to resolve your financial issues. If at all possible, offer to make one mortgage payment at this time to prevent yourself from falling three months delinquent and potentially into mortgage foreclosure. If you believe that your situation will not improve in the near future, or you are uncertain how to proceed, you may return to the home page and click on the button at the top left hand corner that says, “Begin Now by Submitting Your Foreclosure Case online”, complete the application and certified, experienced foreclosure counselors will assist you in negotiating with your mortgage company.

Month Three Missed Mortgage Payment: The third month that you fail to pay your mortgage payment, you will probably receive a letter known as the “demand letter” or “notice of acceleration” from your mortgage company telling you that you are delinquent on your mortgage, the total amount that you owe and that you have 30 days to pay that amount (“Acceleration Period”). You have two options before that 30 day period runs, you can pay the amount specified in the demand letter or make an agreement with your mortgage company about how and when you will pay the delinquency amount. If you fail to pay the entire amount owed or make an agreement with your mortgage company about how you intend to pay that amount, then your mortgage company is allowed at that time to put you in foreclosure or accelerate your mortgage. They are unlikely to accept less than the total amount due. The foreclosure or acceleration letter will tell you that your mortgage company forwarded your delinquent mortgage account to their attorneys. Even at this point, you may still be able to negotiate with your mortgage company to retain your home if you have the budget to do so. At this point, it is important that you or one of our experienced and skilled housing counselors contact your mortgage company to try and work out a deal for you to either keep your home or enter into a dignified exit of your home on fair and reasonable terms. If you believe that your situation will not improve in the near future, or you are uncertain how to proceed, you may return to the home page and click on the button at the top left hand corner that says, “Submit Your Foreclosure Case”, complete the application and certified, experienced foreclosure counselors will assist you in negotiating with your mortgage company.

Month Four Missed Mortgage Payment: The fourth month that you fail to pay your mortgage payment, you will be at the end of the Acceleration Period. If you have not come current on your mortgage payments or complied with any agreements that you have worked out with your mortgage company when the Acceleration Period ends, your mortgage company is entitled to take steps to foreclosure on your mortgage. If your mortgage company begins mortgage foreclosure against your home, you will be responsible for all back mortgage payments, interest and penalties related to the mortgage, as well as all attorney fees and these must be paid in full in order to reinstate your mortgage. At this point, it is important that you or one of our experienced and skilled housing counselors contact your mortgage company to try and work out a deal for you to either keep your home or enter into a dignified exit of your home on fair and reasonable terms. If you believe that your situation will not improve in the near future, or you are uncertain how to proceed, you may return to the home page and click on the button at the top left hand corner that says, “Submit Your Foreclosure Case”, complete the application and certified, experienced foreclosure counselors will assist you in negotiating with your mortgage company.

Sheriff's Sale: If your mortgage company has not received all amount due and/or you have not entered into an agreement with your mortgage company, a Sheriff’s Sale will be scheduled and that becomes the date of foreclosure.. You will be notified by mail of the foreclosure date/sheriff’s sale prior to that date. In addition to the mailed notice of sheriff’s sale/foreclosure date, a notice will be taped to your home, usually on the front door.

For four (4) consecutive weeks prior to the Sheriff’s sale/foreclosure date, your mortgage company will publish the notice of foreclosure against your home in a local legal newspaper with general circulation. At this point, it is important that you or one of our experienced and skilled housing counselors contact your mortgage company to try and work out a deal for you to either keep your home or enter into a dignified exit of your home on fair and reasonable terms.

If you fail to pay the amount necessary to reinstate your mortgage or work out a deal with your mortgage company, the Sheriff’s sale will go forward and your home will be sold to the highest bidder. If no bids are made on your home, the title to your home goes to your mortgage company. This is known as the Sheriff’s Deed. Even at this point, you still have rights to your home. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO MOVE OUT OF YOUR HOME AT THAT TIME.

Redemption Period: If you fail to resolve the situation with your mortgage company; and the Sheriff's Sale is completed, then you enter the redemption period. The redemption period starts from the date of the Sheriff's Sale and in the greatest number of cases, ends six (6) months after the sheriff’s sale. Most mortgages allow the homeowner six (6) months to redeem their home with their mortgage company/bidder, by paying the amount owed on the mortgage, plus interest and fees. If property that your home sits on is over 3 acres, you may have a twelve (12) month redemption period. You will be notified of your time frame on the same notice that notifies you of your Sheriff's Sale date. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT YOU HAVE AT LEAST SIX (6) MONTHS TO STAY IN YOUR HOME AFTER THE SHERIFF’S SALE.

Eviction Period: : If you have not redeemed your home within the redemption period, ownership of the home is transferred to your mortgage company or the highest bidder. At this point, if you have not left the home, the new owner starts eviction proceedings to evict you from the home. An eviction hearing is held within two weeks, followed by a 10-day grace period for you to leave the home. When the grace period ends, the eviction is certified. Court bailiffs or County Sheriffs are notified and empty the home.

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Can I still keep my home if I am in foreclosure?

Loss Mitigation

“Loss mitigation” is the term used by mortgage companies to describe their programs and department that can assist borrowers in negotiating to resolve their mortgage situations. If you find that you have a financial hardship or difficulty paying your mortgage, this is the department that you must insist on working with. The number one requirement of Loss Mitigation is affordability of the mortgage. To be able to assist you, the mortgage company must see a budget that demonstrates to them that the income coming into your home is sufficient to support all of the household bills. When speaking to your mortgage company, ask to speak to their Loss Mitigation Department, which is sometimes called the Loan Counseling Department. These are the people that have the authority and knowledge to assist you with resolving your issues on your mortgage. The first thing that you need to do is request a loss mitigation package for your loan from them. Find out what type of loan you have (i.e. Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, VA, or FHA). This will help to determine how easily your mortgage case can be resolved. When you contact your mortgage company, ask them who the investor is on your loan, or if you have mortgage insurance.

Options You May Have
  • Repayment Plan
    This is when the mortgage company can take the amount that you are delinquent and add it on to your regular payment, and spread it out over 3-12 months. (Some mortgage companies will allow longer.)
  • Loan Modification
    This is when the mortgage company adds the amount that you are delinquent to the principal balance of your loan. If they think that it is necessary, then they may consider extending your loan term to 30 years and/or adjust your interest rate.
  • Partial Claim
    This strategy is used on FHA loans or those with PMI insurance only. This is when the insurer of your mortgage gives you a loan for the amount that you are delinquent. This is a non-interest loan that does not require payment until the sale of the home or until you pay off the first mortgage.

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What options do I have if I know I cannot keep my home?

There are different options available to you when you no longer have enough income in the household to support the mortgage and all other bills. These options assist with preventing the foreclosure, but do not mean keeping the home.

Short Sale

The mortgage company allows the homeowner the sell the home for less than what is owed on it. This option can be utilized before the Sheriff's Sale. Prior arrangements need to be made with the mortgage company before the official sale of the home.

Deed-in-Lieu

The mortgage company allows you to give back the deed to the home in exchange for “forgiveness" of the debt. This must be done before the Sheriff's Sale. The mortgage company may require you to have the home listed on the market for a period of time before considering this option.

Sale of Home

List the home for sale. This can be done before or after the Sheriff's Sale. However, to prevent the foreclosure from going on your record, the sale must be completed before the Sheriff's Sale date. During this time, the best thing for you to do is to stay in contact with the mortgage company. This is important to prevent the foreclosure of your home, if at all possible. Unfortunately, it may not mean keeping your home, but will allow you to "spare" your credit, so that you may purchase a home in the future when your situation improves.

You have up until the date of a Sheriff's Sale to "work out" arrangements with your mortgage company. So, if you can re-establish sufficient income before that date, then options that involve keeping your home become available to you. If this does occur, contact us.

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What is a Sheriff's Sale and what does it mean in my circumstance?

  1. A Sheriff Sale occurs after 4 consecutive weeks of publication of the mortgage foreclosure in a newspaper of general circulation and posting of a notice of foreclosure on your home, usually on the front door.
  2. Sheriff Sales are scheduled for Friday, at 10:00, in the Wayne County Courthouse in downtown Detroit. You are not required to attend the Sheriff Sale on your home. The home is sold to the highest bidder and if there are no bids, to the mortgage company.
  3. In most cases, the home is purchased by the mortgage company that holds the loan for the amount of the outstanding loan balance plus various fees and interest.
  4. The purchaser receives a Sheriff's Deed (Sheriff's Deed on Mortgage Sale) but does not yet own the property. You still have redemption rights to your home, in most cases for six (6) months.
  5. The purchaser records the Sheriff's Deed with the Wayne County Register of Deeds. Once the sale occurs, the redemption period begins. You still have the right to remain in your home, in most cases, for six (6) months
  6. You may still be able to redeem your home. If you are uncertain of your rights or how to proceed, you may return to the home page and click on the button at the top left hand corner that says, “Submit Your Foreclosure Case”, complete the application and certified, experienced foreclosure counselors will assist you in negotiating with your mortgage company.

Your Rights After Sheriff Sale

  1. Even though a sheriff’s sale has occurred on your home and a Sheriff's Deed issued, you still have rights to your home.
  2. Most mortgage foreclosures give you a 6-month redemption period which usually begins on the date of the Sheriff's Deed (if your property is large or you have a lot of equity, your redemption period may be longer). If you know you won't be able to redeem your home, you can use this time to find new housing.
    • For the entire six (6) month redemption period and as the captain of your financial destiny, you can make the decision that you will not pay anything to your mortgage company and; save your money for moving expenses and/or a rental deposit.
    • No matter what your mortgage company or its attorney or property management company tries to tell you, you do not have to move out during the redemption period. If you do move early, your property can be declared "abandoned" and the redemption period can be shortened to as little as one month. If you get a notice of abandonment and you have not abandoned your home, be sure to respond quickly and in writing explaining that you have not abandoned your home.
  3. You can “redeem” your home, meaning that you can get your home back by paying the full amount to the owner of the Sheriff's Deed, usually your mortgage company. The amount due may change from the amount noted on the Sheriff's Deed; so confirm with the owner of the Sheriff's Deed the correct amount required to redeem your home. If you are able to redeem the Sheriff's Deed, make sure that your redemption is recorded with the Wayne County Register of Deeds so that your ownership of your home is clear in the public record.
  4. Another option is to try and sell your home during the redemption period. This option will be helpful if you have a lot of equity in your home("equity" means the difference between the value of your home and the remaining amount of the loan). You must confirm with your mortgage company's attorney or the owner of the Sheriff's Deed the amount needed to pay off the debt. If you sell your home for more than is owed to your mortgage company, you will be entitled to that amount and it should be payable to you at the closing on your home.
  5. At the end of your redemption period, if you have not already moved out, you will be served with eviction papers. A court hearing will be scheduled, usually within 10 to 20 days. You will then have an additional 10 days after the hearing date to move and remove your possessions (mortgage company attorneys will often give you more time if you ask). If you do not leave the home on or before the court-ordered date or the agreed upon date, a court officer will go to the home to remove you.
  6. Once your redemption period ends, you no longer own your home. "Deficiency" means your home sold for less than was owed to your mortgage company and this difference between the amount of the Sheriff's Deed and the amount that your former home sold for (plus additional costs). It is possible, but unlikely that your mortgage company will sue you for any deficiency. Being sued for a deficiency is somewhat more common with second mortgages or home equity loans. If this happens to you, you should contact an attorney to respond to the lawsuit. If you are unable to afford an attorney, find a free legal aid attorney in your area.
  7. It is rare for a mortgage company to sue a borrower for a deficiency. Typically, the mortgage company will file an IRS form 1099 which treats the deficiency as income to you. You would then owe taxes on the deficiency. You can protest this with the IRS-contact an attorney, certified public accountant, or qualified tax preparer to assist you.
  8. Unfortunately, there are many scam artists targeting people who are facing financial difficulties, including mortgage foreclosure. You should be very suspicious of anyone who contacts you offering to "help". In most scams someone will contact you and offer to help save your house if you pay a fee. OUR SERVICES ARE FREE AND WE ARE HERE TO HELP YOU. Another scam is an offer to buy your home and allow you to stay on as "renters". If you feel that you may be the victim of a scam, contacts the Michigan Attorney General’s Office and report this immediately.

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What are the warning signs of a predatory lender?

Normally legitimate businesses do not advertise on utility poles or on temporary signs along the side of the road. Be suspicious of anyone who calls or stops by your home with an offer too good to be true. Offers that seem too good to be true are. Predatory buyers or scam artists may pretend to help you. What they really want is your home. You may be faced with a predatory lender if that person: Comes to you to "solve" your financial problems

  • Pressures you to make a quick decision
  • Demands big up-front fees
  • Tells you not to contact your current mortgage company
  • Tells you not to contact an attorney
  • Asks you to sign papers without giving you a chance to read them
  • Asks you to sign papers with blank spaces
  • Asks you to sign a deed
  • Offers to file bankruptcy for you